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[Artical Suimmary] Environmental stewardship can help eliminate the world's biggest health risk -- dirty water.
[Article Contect]
Almost every day, Sarah and her best friend walk to a deep hole dug into a dry riverbed in Sudan to fetch water for their families. It's a seven-and-a-half-hour journey in brutal heat, the return trip made even more arduous by the weight of the 5-gallon water container, which Sarah carries on her head -- a load of about 45 pounds of water of questionable quality.
Sarah's journey was captured in real time in the documentary The Long Walk, by Alice Hobbs. But her story is by no means unique. One billion people around the world don't have access to clean, safe water. Developed countries have essentially eradicated diseases such as cholera, typhoid and malaria, but in developing nations, these and other waterborne illnesses kill 5 million people each year -- 6,000 children every day. And global warming is exacerbating this crisis as severe, prolonged droughts dry up water supplies in arid regions and heavy rains cause sewage overflows. In terms of the sheer number of people affected, the lack of access to safe water and basic sanitation is a massive problem. Yet it is a problem with proven solutions.
What Makes Water Unsafe?
Drinking water contaminated with chemicals or bacteria can make people sick, especially children and the elderly. Water can be contaminated with bacteria when it comes into contact with untreated human waste. Nearly half the people on the planet -- most of them in China and India -- don't have a system to safely dispose of human waste and keep it away from areas where people can come into contact with it. As a result, disease-causing bacteria can enter the water supply and spread through a population. Children are particularly vulnerable to these waterborne diseases. Their small bodies take in a disproportionately large quantity of water and its contaminants, and their immune systems are not equipped to fight off invaders such as E. coli, giardia and the typhoid bacteria. More than 2 million children are killed by such diarrheal diseases each year, and 90 percent of them are kids under five.
Chemicals from industrial waste, pesticides that wash off from farms, or naturally occurring arsenic can also contaminate drinking water. Millions of people drink arsenic-laced well water every day, mostly in Bangladesh, West Bengal (India), China, Taiwan, Nepal and pockets of South America. The footprint of a contaminated well is painfully easy to spot: an epidemic of skin lesions, vascular and cardiac problems, and widespread bladder, lung, and skin cancer in affected areas.
Safe Water: Keystone of Environment, Health, Economy and Security
People who fall ill from waterborne diseases can't work. Women and girls like Sarah who travel hours to fetch clean water for their families can't go to school or hold on to a job. Without proper sanitation, human waste pollutes waterways and wildlife habitat. Global warming and population pressures are drying up water supplies and instigating conflict over scarce resources. Expandin
